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Glutamine Peptides
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Glutamine Peptides refer to certain dipeptides used in total parenteral nutrition (TPN) as delivery forms of L-glutamine. The term also refers to peptides containing L-glutamine, which are found in some nutritional supplements, particularly those marketed as sports and fitness products.
Glutamine Peptides (unlike the 'free' form, L-glutamine) are bonded to other amino acids which makes them more stable and more easily assimilated by the body. Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid (building block of protein) in the bloodstream. Glutamine's main functions include serving as a precursor in the creation of other amino acids and glucose for energy. Cells of the immune system, the small intestine, and the kidney are the major consumers of glutamine; without it each would be significantly impaired. Glutamine also appears to be necessary for normal brain function and digestion. Certain medical conditions, including injuries, surgery, infections, and prolonged stress, or intense exercise can deplete glutamine levels and supplementation may be helpful.
L-glutamine depletion is a typical feature of such metabolic stress conditions as trauma (including surgical trauma), infection, sepsis, cancer and severe burns. The metabolic response to these conditions is characterized by catabolism and negative nitrogen balance. Under these conditions, L-glutamine, which is normally manufactured by the body (mainly in skeletal muscles) in sufficient quantities to satisfy physiological demands, is required exogenously. Under these conditions, L-glutamine becomes an essential amino acid and must be supplied to the body in order to prevent breakdown of muscle tissue, immune dysfunction and compromise of the gut mucosal barrier function with consequent bacterial translocation into the body. L-glutamine is arguably the most needed amino acid and, indeed, one of the most needed nutrients under these circumstances.
The difference between Glutamine Peptides and regular L-Glutamine
Peptides are different from free form amino acids because they are basically 2 or more amino acids (building blocks of proteins) which are chemically linked to each other. Your body naturally takes whole proteins (made of long chains of aminos) and breaks them down through a natural hydrolyzation process to produce smaller and smaller peptides so they can be absorbed. Free form aminos like regular L-glutamine are just the single amino acid.
Glutamine is a 'conditionally essential' amino acid. Normally, an 'essential' amino acid is one that the body must ingest through nutrition, because it can't manufacture that amino acid. But, under certain conditions - of stress, disease, malnutrition, or bodily injury - a 'non-essential' amino acid, which the body manufactures, can become depleted and 'conditionally essential.' Glutamine is the most important of these, for its many vital functions in normal body function and athletic training.
One of Glutamine's primary metabolic functions is that it helps to regulate glucose metabolism. Glutamine converts to glucose without changing insulin or glucagon levels. These are the hormones that regulate blood sugar. During carbohydrate depletion, glutamine can increase body fat loss without loss of lean body mass. Glutamine provides a high-energy source for maintaining muscle function, by converting to glucose, which turns into glycogen stores in the muscles.
Glutamine is critical to the intestines and the immune system as a fuel, and is used to synthesize DNA, enzymes and proteins in all active cells in your body - a building block for your muscles. Glutamine also helps maintain overall body health by regulating the acid / alkaline balance of the blood.
So, by helping to regulate glucose metabolism, glutamine helps maintain the level of glycogen stored in your muscles as fuel for strenuous exercise. Adequate levels of glutamine are also critical to your brain, where glutamine is a neurotransmitter and precursor to another key neurotransmitter, keeping your brain functioning normally. And healthy blood levels of glutamine are an important part of anti-oxidant defenses, and maintaining the blood's critical acid/alkali balance.
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